Thyristors in railway traction how can their effects be. The principles of mechanical and electrical railway traction, volume 5. Simulation models have been proposed for the calculation of the induction motor dynamic characteristics. One system is outside the railway engine which deal how the. Simulation and modelling of railway power conditioner for a. Conversion of an existing 1500 v dc electric traction system to 25 kv ac had lots of constraints like minimum interruptions in train services, right of way i. With electrified railway power quality issues becomes a subject to concern because traction load is considered as a nonlinear and dynamic load. Mitigation of voltage unbalance in traction system iaeng. Electric traction will continue to play a dominant role in the railway since it is an environmentally clean technology compared to diesel traction and also its running cost is low. Pdf electrification traction and signalling compatibility. This also enables haulage of heavier loads at higher speeds, thus increasing throughput. At first, the rather low locomotives power and traction force allowed braking using quite. This lack of interconnection strongly reduces the probability of having two trains one braking while the other one is in traction.
Impact of unbalance singlephase traction load to threephase. Voltage regulation affects the performance of traction units and imposes a capacity limit on the system. Customers benefits reliable system completed ahead of schedule using hightech and high quality power technology products. Adhesion traction is the friction between the drive wheels and the steel rail. The negative current is injected into the railways traction lines are as follows below.
Responsibility allotment, distribution and adjustments of locos to zones development of maintenance facility daily outage working of locos of one railway in other railway according to directive and quota reliability of loco operation by monitoring punctuality of important trains failure analysis with regard to performance assistance of material to sheds and shops from dlw. Developments in traction systems university of birmingham. Except for the type of current and apparatus used, the. Most of the railway subgrade in the tangshan earthquake region were embankments with a few cuts and retaining walls. Compensation strategies of railway power conditioner for. This paper will firstly brief the relative merits of dc and ac traction. Two countries that approach this ideal are switzerland and hong kong, but both use more than one system, so unless multisystem locomotives or other rolling stock is used, a switch of traction method may still be required. If a station is concerned the section of track provided should be flat inclination. This complexity creates potential risk for railway projects, technical. Railway electrification as a means of traction emerged at the end of the nineteenth century, although experiments in electric rail have been traced back to the midnineteenth century. The mechanics involves conversion of overhead electrical powerdieselsteam power in rail horse power to haul a train encountering acceleration, train, grade, curve resistance and similarly braking. Traction power system works on single phase 25kv traction system. For the easy understand of the system, the whole system can be classified in two different systems. The decision was taken by the ministry of railways to convert existing 1500 v dc traction system to 25 kv ac.
To avoid this problem many research is going on, some are given in this paper. Svcs for load balancing and trackside voltage control high. One system is outside the railway engine which deal how the 25 kv ac voltages is drawn as single phase system from. Svcs for load balancing and trackside voltage control highspeed 1 a total of seven abb static var compensators svc have been supplied to highspeed 1 hs 1, a 108 km highspeed rail line between london and the channel tunnel at dover which was formerly known as the channel tunnel rail link ctrl. A stations at zonal railway hq and state capital b stations at railway divl. Few key features of traction loads are single phase 25.
Threephase current phase diagram after adjusting active and reactive power by rpc. Track geometry protection works construction of new railway bridges over head electric traction provision of traction overhead equipment structures on new bridges station sites the site for stations should be completely surveyedand sharp curves should be avoided in the vicinity of the station. Technologies regenerative braking in 50 hz, 25 kv systems. Traction power 2x25kv autotransformer electrification system, r2 2.
Railway traction system research india publications. Guidelines for the design and construction of railroad overpasses and underpasses 5 structure shall be designed for e80 load to accommodate any future track needs or modifications. Railway technology today 3 edited by kanji wako railway. Harmonic analysis on various traction transformers in cophase. Simulation and modelling of railway power conditioner for a highspeedrailway traction power supply system shailendra kumar1 dr. Power electronics technologies for railway traction systems. The inverter for this system is a standard inverter for which the east. Therefore, along of about 150km, the main feeding line is balanced. High speed railway capacity understanding the factors affecting capacity limits for a high speed railway by piers connor1 abstract high speed rail is the new railway. Introduction electric traction means a locomotion in which the driving force is obtained from electric motors. Postindependence electrification of the howrahburdwan section was carried out at 3000 volt dc. Balancing speed is the maximum rate of rotation in rpms that the traction motors will turn under load at a given voltage, taking into account bearing friction, train resistance, the rate of dissipation of heat caused by the electric currents in the motor, and most importantly the ability of the armature to keep its windings from birdcaging. For illumination purpose, the stations have been divided in three categories i.
In countries where 60 hz is the normal grid power frequency, 25 kv at 60 hz is used for the railway electrification in argentina on roca line using 1,676 mm or 5 ft 6 in gauge in canada on the deuxmontagnes line of the montreal metropolitan transportation agency in japan, tokaido, sanyo and kyushu shinkansen lines using 1,435 mm or 4 ft 8 1. Each railway locomotive is driven by six or four dc electric motors supplied by diodebased rectifier groups. The first railway to use this system was completed in 1936 by the deutsche reichsbahn who electrified part of the hollentalbahn between freiburg and neustadt installing a 20 kv, 50 hz ac system. It is insulated from the mast by stay arm insulator. Powerelectronics issues of modern electric railway systems. The paper shows the present scenario and advancement of indian railway. Railway engineering traction and train control areris. Thomas davenport, in brandon, vermont, erected a circular model railroad on which ran batterypowered locomotives or locomotives running on batterypowered. If this single phase traction load is supplied from only one phase then it creates the unbalance effect in three phase system to reduce unbalancing effect, all these phases are tapped from the adjacent substations in sequence. Take the proportionality constant for the journal, flange and wind resistance as 0. But in order for it to use this thrust effectively, the eight wheels on the locomotive have to be able to apply this thrust. A fully electrified railway has no need to switch between methods of traction thereby making operations more efficient. Pdf applications of power electronics in railway systems. Rail transport also known as train transport is a means of transferring passengers and goods on wheeled vehicles running on rails, which are located on tracks.
Department in railway board, zonal headquarters, divisions and workshops 400402 4. The poor power quality is caused by the unbalance in currents, voltage drops along the. Around the world, proposals for new high speed lines are booming. Power electronics technologies for railway traction systems 307 the east japan railway company is developing a nextgeneration rolling stock control system for the experimental series 209 the multipurpose experimental train muetrain. Railway is a largest means of transportation in india and it is ranked in the world as fourth largest railway network. May 12, 20 the train is allowed to roll on no traction. Crossing of roads, other railway lines, rivers, wetlands should be avoided. Traction mechanics numerical problems railelectrica. The traction power system is a very complex network which is a three phase system inside a huge single phase system. On electric railways, it is also possible to co nvert the energy of the train back into usable. The system studied combines the conventional wheelset with a.
T railway technology today 2 edited by kanji wako the. This course is conducted by dtcbtc of the division. Many existing railway systems are experiencing ever increasing passenger and freight. The paper states that the railway is a highly integrated system and there can be interactions between many of its components. This paper presents the purpose of determining the effects caused by the railway traction load on the electrical grid system. The ac track circuit the ac track circuit is energized by an alternating electrical current with a frequency of 83. Railway systems are required to meet these standards. To avoid the short circuit between the phases during the permutation an unenergized neutral section or dead zone about 6m 5 is. It is a pollution free system and with use of modern high horse power locos having.
Reactive power compensation in railways using active. Or electric traction means a locomotion in which the driving force is obtained from electric motors. Notice period for altering contract demand should also be kept as low as possible in the agreement, preferably 4 to 6 weeks. To avoid this condition, rpc1 supply inductive reactive power with the value of b, and. Power quality in railway traction and compensation by. Electrical power is generated in three phases with each phase having a phase shift of 120 degrees. With all traction types, power can be switched off under manual or automatic. The indian railways employ single phase 25 kv traction substation tss for supplying power at electric traction loads. Diesel locomotive design features, major components, classification and codification etc. Super conducting fault current limiter based railway power conditioner for electric traction system international journal of advanced technology and innovative research volume. The accuracy of the designed method and comparison of the simulated results with the prototype data have. Power quality in railway traction and compensation by combining shunt hybrid filter and tcr n. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. Modelling and study of a railway wheelset with traction.
Traction how diesel locomotives work howstuffworks. In contrast to road transport, where vehicles run on a prepared flat surface, rail vehicles rolling stock are directionally guided by the tracks on which they run. Traction power system, disturbances, grid, unbalanced, power. Sirong yi, in principles of railway location and design, 2018. Mode of failures was studied on site and in available in narrow strip of land along the railway track. This locomotive can generate 64,000 pounds of thrust.
In the romanian railway network, there are two types of electric railway locomotives of different powers 5100 kw and 3500 kw. Figure 1 shows the history of railway electrification in japan from the era of the japanese government railways until the present jrs. Ac traction supplies to british rail distribution code. Tracks usually consist of steel rails, installed on ties sleepers. The single phase 50 hz power for the electric traction is obtained from 220211066 kv extra high voltage 3phase grid system through step down single phase transformers. As a consequence, the feeding sections have to be electrically separated to avoid short circuits. Compensating unbalances in synchronous railway traction. Nov 09, 2017 madras was the second metro city to get electric traction in the southern railway on 11 may 1931.
Before independence, india had 388 km of electrified zone. Operation and maintenance of diesel locomotives 414421 9. Electric traction the system which use electrical power for traction system i. Vehicletrack interaction when a railway vehicle passes over a track, the interaction between the two yields forces on both vehicle and track.
An adhesion railway relies on adhesion traction to move the train. Le blanc connected transformers in traction systems to reduce unbalance which include the. However, many railways have stopped the conduction of this course. In the present scenario, electric traction system is the most economical and efficient. Over head equipments page 4 traction distribution 1. Railway wheelset, active control, traction, interaction abstract this paper studies the dynamic behaviour of a railway wheelset in different operating conditions, and investigates the effect of traction subsystem on the stability and performance of the wheelset. Single phase railway locomotives are threephase unbalanced loads from the. These adverse impacts threaten the safety of highspeed railway traction supply system. The first railway in japan was built using a narrow gauge 1067 mm to meet these geographical conditions and the need for economy. Thomas davenport, in brandon, vermont, erected a circular model railroad on which ran batterypowered locomotives or locomotives running on batterypowered rails in 1834. Calculate the approximate distance to it will travel on the gradient.
The power of regenerative brakes is roughly the same as the one installed for traction. High speed railway capacity v conf railway technical. Railway works under the indian railway which is a stateowned organization of the ministry of railway. Tech student 2associate professor 1,2department of electrical engineering abstract highspeed train traction power supply system causes serious negative current problem. Railway engineering traction and train control program objectives the general objective of this graduate program is to provide students with the intellectual depth, breadth, and appropriate training necessary to pursue productive careers in railway engineering traction and train control. Presentation on railway construction and maintenance. Brussels, 1820 february 2008 dissemination of information workshop 2. Roughly speaking, the 1500v dc system is used on the conventional railways in honshu kanto, tokai, kansai, and chugoku districts and. The utility power supply system also expects equal loading on all phases. Mitigation of voltage unbalance in traction system b.
Unbalance due to british rail ac traction supplies, and this engineering. The route should bypass village buildings by at least 200 300 m. Figure 1 shows that railway track consists essentially of rails and sleepers, laid in and. Electrified railway was adopted by indian railways in, 1957. Current situation and prospects of electric traction systems used in. Traction when going around turns is not an issue because train wheels have flanges that keep them on the track.
Electric traction has become mainstay in the transportation sector due to its lack of pollution, higher performance, lower maintenance cost and lower energy cost. Unbalance and voltage fluctuation study on ac traction system. This part of germany was in the french zone of occupation after 1945. Ingeteam is a market leader specializing in electrical engineering and the development of electrical equipment, motors, generators and frequency converters. Traction system unbalance problemanalysis methodologies. Scada system including asset and building management systems. Earlier passing of this course was essential for promotion as shunter from assistant. Linked by routes, it is a huge project containing relative majors and projects, such as economy, running performance, bridges, tunnels, rail. Generic hazard list for railway systems railway research. But traction when braking and accelerating is an issue. This paper is concentrated on palgat railway division traction substation,kerala state, india. However, the electric traction system introduces unbalance in the system which. As per the drive manual the cause for the same is intermediate circuit dc. En iv en glossary term explanation infrastructure manager im any body or undertaking that is responsible in particular for establishing and maintaining railway infrastructure network statement the statement which sets out in detail the general rules, deadlines, procedures and criteria concerning the charging and capacity allocation schemes.
Energy saving technologies in the railway vehicle traction field can be mainly. The two most common types of supply for mass transit systems are 1. In diesel electric railways because of variable train speed, a sort of compromise is taking place between traction and auxiliary power which usually affects auxiliary equipment performance. Railway traction system a gopi krishna 1, s padmini 2 p. In order to avoid the disadvantage of two phase power supply system, cophase traction system was implemented. Voltage statistics of traction substation according to the criterion demanded in gbt 155431995, the voltage imbalance factor should be below 2 percent for a short duration of time interval shorter than 10. There are four tubes which makes the complete cantilever assembly namely. What is the nature of these forces, where do they originate. Mitigation of nsc and alleviate of magnetic inrush. Engineering industry divisions formerly responsible for the supply of the mechanical components of traction units were integrated.
Rail systems, which contain sections devoted to electrification power supplies, traction power systems studies and guidelines for the design of overhead contact systems. Traction induction drive for railway chuev denis epe 2003 toulouse isbn. Railway systems typically suffer from poor voltage regulation and harmonic distortion. Download citation traction system unbalance problemanalysis methodologies this paper. Selected chapters from en 19912 and annex a2 of en 1990 dr.
During the strong ground motion the railway subgrades were seriously damaged which interrupted traffic on the jingshan, tongtuo, tongtuo uplink and nanbao lines, etc. Its easy to get the train going but much more difficult to stop in the right place and, to. Investigation of voltage unbalance problems in electric arc furnace operation model. Railway electrification with a view to reduce dependence on petroleum based energy in railway transport, ir have been progressively switching over to electric traction. Electric traction will continue to play a dominant role in the railway since it is an. Railway construction is a kind of complicated and systematic engineering affecting many aspects, with lots of influencing factors and in high technology level. Lamacq school of electronic and electrical engineering, university of bath, claverton down, bath ba2 7ay, uk 44603 saint nazaire cedex, france abstract this paper describes a simulation model of an inverterfed induction. If bridge maintenance structure is totally separate structure, it shall be designed for hs2044 live load. The growth of electrified railway in india proves the successful solution to enhance the capacity of public transportation. My works shows new railway negative unbalanced load system.
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